A Spanish Cheat Sheet for Travelers in Mexico

When you travel in any foreign land, whether Mexico, China, or Quebec, it’s a good idea to learn some basic phrases in the local language.

At one time I must have known how to say and in at least 10 languages.

Starting your conversation in the local language shows respect, and it earns respect.

A small effort — memorizing phrases or keeping a cheat sheet in your pocket — will instantly separate you from hordes of travelers loudly making demands in English.

So even if you’re in an all-inclusive resort in Cancun, where even the elevator speaks English, take some time before and during your trip to learn a little Spanish.

Start with:

¿Habla usted inglés?                  Do you speak English?

No hablo español                      I don’t speak Spanish

Then learn some essentials:

Hola                Hello

Adiós               Goodbye

Sí                    Yes

No                   No

Por favor         Please

Gracias            Thank you

is also how you say . Translating the as in is unnecessary.

graciasno thanks

More important words for courtesy:

Perdón                           A catch-all or

Disculpe                         Sorry, or excuse me when you want someone’s attention

Con Permiso                   Excuse me when you want someone to let you get by

¿Mande?                         The Mexican way to ask when you don’t understand what                                      someone said.

Greetings are crucial in Mexico. Mexicans use them before engaging in any communication — in a store, restaurant, hotel, etc. It’s polite to use these at the right time of day:

Buenos días                        Good morning

Buenas tardes                     Good afternoon (often used until after sundown)

Buenas noches                    Good night (but not in the sense of going to bed)

Also say:

¿Qué tal?                             What’s up?

¿Qué pasó?                          What’s up?

¿Qué onda?                          What’s up? (used in Mexico)

Once you’ve learned all of the above, learn more questions. Questions are the key to any conversation:

¿Cómo estás?                   How are you?

¿Cómo te llamas?             What’s your name?

¿De dónde eres?               Where are you from?

¿Erés de aquí?                  Are you from here?

¿Que hora es?                   What time is it?

¿Donde esta X?                 Where is X (downtown, the hotel, the restaurant, the park etc.)

¿Donde estamos?              Where are we?

Tip: An intermediate or advanced student may notice that these questions use the tú form rather than the more formal usted form. While it is true that usted is more polite, and in many Latin American countries, such as neighboring Guatemala, usted is the norm, in Mexico it’s ok to use tú, especially when you are a beginning Spanish speaker. Make it easy on yourself — save usted for later.

Learn the question words: Who, what, where, when, why, how…

¿Quién?                         Who?

¿Qué?                            What?

¿Dónde?                         Where?

¿Cuándo?                       When?

¿A que hora?                  When/what time?

¿Por qué?                       Why?

¿Cómo?                          How?

¿Cuánto?                        How much?

¿Cuántos?                       How many?

¿Cada cuanto?                How often?

¿Por cuánto tiempo?       How long?

Then some easy vocabulary to use with the question words:

Baño                                  Bathroom

Restaurante                       Restaurant

Hotel                                 Hotel

Parque                               Park

Centro                               Downtown

Beware the false cognates, which look the same but have different meanings:

Apenado                      Embarrassed

Embarazada                 Pregnant

Actualmente                Currently/now

De hecho                      Actually

Americano                    Person who comes from the continent America

Tip: The term Americano can be a source of controversy. Some Latin Americans take offense that people from the United States use it to refer only to themselves and not to people from the entire continent. I try to explain to them that it’s a linguistic decision because English lacks a convenient adjective for United Statesians to describe themselves.

Spanish, however, has that adjective: estadounidense. Norteamericano, North American, also refers to people from the U.S., and notice how it’s another false cognate, because in English Mexicans are North Americans too.

Mexican slang

Slang is essential in Mexican Spanish. Learn some, but be careful with the vulgar ones! Many words frequently spoken among men aren’t appropriate at the dinner table.

These are all common and harmless:

Chido                        Cool

Chela                        Beer

Camión                     Bus

¿Neta?                       Really?

¡No manches!            No way/come on

Check out Top Ten Mexican Slang, its sequel, Top Twenty Mexican Slang, and my most comprehensive post on Mexican Spanish, my Mexican Slang Master List.

Ordering food and drinks

You will use these all the time:

Una cerveza por favor                                 A beer please

Otra (cerveza) por favor                              Another (beer) please

¿Me puedes dar dos tacos por favor?            Can you give me two tacos please?

¿Cuánto cuesta esto?                                   How much does this cost?

Tip: ¿Cuánto cuesta?, while correct, is high-school textbook Spanish. To sound more natural, you can say ¿Qué precio tiene? — literally What price does it have?

Some common (and good) Mexican food:

Tacos al pastor            Pastor tacos, seasoned pork. Good and reliable.

Alambre                      Like fajitas, meat cooked with onions and peppers

Gringa                         A flour tortilla folded flat with cheese and meat

Enchiladas                   Rolled-up tortillas, chicken (usually), cheese, lettuce, green sauce

Chilaquiles                  Nachos with cheese in green sauce

Huarache                     A big, thick, flat tortilla with beans, cheese, sauce, and anything

Pozole                         Red soup, chicken (usually), big corn, vegetables (really good)

Mole                            A sauce of many ingredients, can be red, green, black, and more

Chiles rellenos              Stuffed bell peppers

Chiles en nogada          Perhaps my favorite food in Mexico

Coctel de camarón        Shrimp cocktail

Filete de pescado         Filet of fish, can be prepared many ways

You can find more in my Ultimate Guide to Authentic Eating in Mexico.

Tip: Learn words for regional food, such as Cochinita Pibil in Merida or Tortas Ahogadas in Guadalajara. Food names don’t have English translations, so don’t let the occasional bizarre or unappetizing English translation put you off.

Transportation

The bus is the easiest way to travel around Mexico. In most cases you’ll need to buy bus tickets in Spanish.

Uno para Guadalajara por favor                     One (ticket) for Guadalajara

Dos para Playa del Carmen                            Two (tickets) for Playa del Carmen

Tres para el aeropuerto                                 Three for the airport

¿A que hora sale el camión?                           What time does the bus leave?

To learn more Spanish while traveling:

You could buy a traveler’s phrasebook…

Phrasebooks have sections for any situation you might encounter, like at the doctor’s office or in a supermarket.

You won’t really learn Spanish with one of these, though it won’t hurt. They are good to have in an emergency.

Or actually learn Spanish

I have some suggestions for learning Spanish here: Study Spanish. Read the newspaper, listen to music, download the lyrics, and most importantly, don’t be afraid to speak. Don’t let yourself be discouraged by the store clerk who doesn’t understand what you want or the waitress who brings you something different from what you ordered.

Of course, why not buy a workbook and study as you travel? Fifteen minutes in the morning, and then you can practice all day. To learn all the basics of grammar in the clearest way possible, I recommend Madrigal’s Magic Key:

It’s paperback size, easy to use, and good for the both the total beginner and upper intermediate student.

Traveling is your best opportunity to learn. Write down words you hear often. Write down phrases you think you’ll need. Use them as much as possible.

Ask questions all the time. Read the newspaper. Carry a notebook. Keep your ears open. Be willing to get stuck in some situations where you understand nothing.

It will pay off. Being immersed in a Spanish-speaking country while traveling is your absolute best way to learn the language, if you have the right attitude, that is.

Please click here for more books I recommend for studying Spanish. And don’t miss my newly-published Mexican Slang Master List, with more than 100 words and phrases of Mexican Spanish.

Practice your Spanish while traveling in Chiapas or the Mayan Riviera, two top destinations in Mexico. You will save the low price of my Cancun and Mayan Riviera 5-Day Itinerary or Your Chiapas Adventure: San Cristobal de las Casas and Palenque the first time you follow my advice on a bus, restaurant, hotel or cenote.